宿州煤矿塌陷水域水质评价及污染来源解析

Quality evaluation and contaminants source apportionment for subsidence water area of Coal Mine in Suzhou

为给矿区水资源综合利用提供信息,以安徽宿州两煤矿芦岭和桃园煤矿塌陷水域为典型研究区,对芦岭9个水样和桃园17个水样进行常规离子(F-、Cl^-、SO_4^(2-)、Na^+、K^+、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、NO_2^-、NO_3^-、H_2PO_4^-、HCO_3^-、CO_3^(2-))和部分重金属(Cd、Cr、Fe)进行检测,结果表明:除了F-离子处于劣Ⅴ类水平,大部分采样点的Cr和Fe和其他元素均能满足水质标准的Ⅲ类标准。选定7个评价参数利用综合污染指数法评价塌陷塘的水环境质量,结果表明:芦岭矿塌陷水域综合污染指数是0.886,桃园为0.873,氟(F-)的单因子污染指数分别是1.355、1.306,F-对污染贡献最大,整个水域属于中度污染水平。采用因子分析和相关性分析对其进行污染来源分析,结果表明:主要污染来自F、Cr、Fe,外在污染源主要是煤矸石淋溶作用和煤矿开采;主要来源分为三类,第一类是基于水力联系的常规离子来源,第二类是大气降水对含氟化合物的溶滤作用,第三类是金属矿物的溶解和人类活动的影响。

To provide valuable information for comprehensive utilization of water resources in mining area, Luling and Taoyuan located in Suzhou city, Anhui province, two typical subsidence water areas of coal mine, have been taken to do the research. What have been detected in 9 water samples from Luning and other 17 water samples from Taoyuan were the conventional ions and some heavy metals, with detected conventional ions as F-, Cl- , SO4 2-, Na＋, K＋, Mg2＋, Ca2＋, NO2, NO3-, H2PO4, HCO3-, CO3 2-, and heavy metals as Cd, Cr and Fe. The results show that except F-, which was at the inferior Class V quality, the Cr and Fe in most samples and other elements were all in Class Ⅲ standards, which could totally meet the water quality standard. Also, 7 assessment parameters had been selected and comprehensive pollution index method had been used to evaluate the water environmental quality of subsidence pond, the results show that the comprehensive pollution indexes of Luling and and Taoyuan subsidence water area were 0.886 and 0. 873, the Taoyuan were 1. 355 and 1. 306, and the conventional ion F pollution indexes of single factor F - in Luling had the largest contribution to the pollution, and the pollution of the water area was at a middle level. And then the factor analysis and the correlation analysis were applied into the source analysis of pollution, the results show that the main pollution conventional ions were F, Cr, Fe, and the external pollution sources mainly came from coal gangue eluviation and coal mining; and the main sources were divided into three categories, the first one was the conventional ion based on hydraulic connection, the second one the atmospheric prec dissolution of metal mineral and the influence ipitation leached effects of fluoride compounds, the third one the of human activities.