“X而Y之”构件语义特征分析

Analysis on Semantic Features of“X Er Y Zhi”Construction

"X而Y之"结构式在现代汉语中使用频率高,具有很强的能产性,且近年来不断扩展。文章从语义角度出发,探究该结构式在扩展过程中,对构件在语义上有何限制。研究发现:当构件词性不同、彼此之间语义关系不同时,进入该结构式的构件语义特征会发生变化。具体来说:当构件为动词时,除了表补充关系的Y以外,都必须满足[+自主]、[+可控]语义特征;当构件为形容词时,必须满足[+系动性]/[+系物性]语义特征;当构件为名词时,必须满足[+具体实义]、[+相关陈述义]的语义特征。

＂X Er Y Zhi＂construction is often applied in modern Chinese,and it has strong productivity.It has been expanded continuously in recent years.From semantic perspective,this paper studies the semantic restraints of the construction in the expansion process.The research showed that,when the construction involves different property and semantic relation,semantic features of components in the construction will change.To be specific,when the component is a verb,semantic features of[＋independent]and[＋controllable]must be met,except Y which represents supplementary relation;when the component is an adjective,semantic feature of[＋copula]/[＋thing]must be met;when the component is a noun,semantic features of[＋specific meaning]and[＋relevant statement meaning]must be met.