明代应天府乡试考官新探

NEW DISCOVERY ON EXAMINER OF PROVINCIAL EXAMINATION OF YINGTIANFU IN THE MING DYNASTY

应天府既是明初的首善之地,其乡试规模也是全国之冠,故应天乡试历来被统治者重视,其乡试主考官从建文元年开始就从翰林官中选任。主考与两类同考官之间关系不甚相同,一是与教官同考,以主考领导下的合作为主;二是与甲科有司同考,既有合作又有相互监督。应天乡试考官给乡试取士造成的影响,则是积极远大于消极的一面。

Yingtianfu is the most important province in early Ming Dynasty, and its Provincial Examination scale is the largest in the country. So Provincial Examination of Yingtianfu was always taken seriously by the ruler. The main examiner was selected form Hanlin officers form the first year of Jianwen.The relationship between the main examiner and two different aide examiners is not exactly the same： the first with aide examiners of Instructors, was mainly mutual cooperation under the leadership of the main examiner; the second with aide examiners of Jinshi officers, was both cooperation and supervision.The impact of the examiners of Provincial Examination of Yingtianfu on Juren selection, was positive more than negative.