中国古代佛教绣品中的文字研究

The study on text pattern on ancient Chinese Buddhist embroidery

针对中国古代佛教绣品中文字变化的问题,采用文献研究法和文物考古法,从刺绣工艺与宗教文化的角度,对中国古代佛教绣品中文字的变化进行了梳理和分析。研究表明:中国古代佛教绣品中文字的发展可分为文字发愿、经文崇拜、文字装饰三个阶段。文字发愿阶段主要指南北朝至唐代前期,刺绣文字在绣品中主要起到发愿文的作用;经文崇拜阶段为唐代中期至元代,刺绣经文成为佛教绣品的主体,佛像只作为经文卷首或卷尾的装饰册页,起到装饰或点题的作用;文字装饰阶段大概是明清时期,伴随着顾绣的产生与发展,佛教绣品越来越艺术化,刺绣佛像成为绣品的主体,而文字则起到装饰作用。

For text change problem in ancient Chinese Buddhist embroidery works,the method of literature research and cultural archeology were applied to sort and analyze the change of text in ancient Chinese Buddhist embroidery from the aspect of religious culture and embroidery technology. Based on our research,the development of text embroidery patterns on ancient Chinese Buddhist embroidery works can be divided into three stages： written vow,the worship of Buddhist scripture and text decoration. The stage of written vow mainly refers to the period from the Northern and Southern dynasties to the early stage of Tang dynasty. The text in embroidery played the part of written vow in embroideries. The stage of the worship of Buddhist scripture mainly refers to the period from the middle stage of Tang dynasty to Yuan dynasty. In this period of time,Buddhist scripture embroidery became the main part of Buddhist embroidery. Buddha was just deemed as the cover of Buddhist scripture or the decoration pages in the end of Buddhist scripture,and played the role of decoration and highlighting the theme. The stage of text decoration is probably in Ming and Qing dynasty. With the generation and development of Gu embroidery,the Buddhist embroidery becomes more and more artistic,and Buddha embroidery becomes the main part of embroidery and the texts are used for decoration.