空间效应视角下的财政分权与中国雾霾治理

Fiscal Decentralization and Haze Governance in China from the Perspective of Spatial Effect

文章基于制度经济学的视角,首先使用2004-2013年中国省域PM2.5数据,检验雾霾空间效应的存在性;然后在此基础上,构建财政分权影响雾霾治理的理论框架;通过建立空间面板计量模型,实证检验财政分权对雾霾治理的影响。结果表明:中国雾霾污染具有正向空间相关性,在地域分布上表现出高-高、低-低相邻的空间特征;财政分权通过制度化的激励,显著影响地方政府的治霾偏好,并且随着财政分权度的提高,地方政府雾霾治理的动力由强转弱,表现出财政分权与雾霾污染浓度间的U型关系;在不同经济发展水平下,财政分权对雾霾治理的影响不同,表现出地区间的异质性。基于此,提出中国雾霾治理的相关对策建议,即优化并适度提高财政分权度,将环境指标全面纳入地方政府政绩考核体系。

Based on the perspective of the institutional economics, this paper first tests the existence of the spatial effect of haze pollution by using the PM2.5 provincial data in China from 2004 to 2013. Then, on the basis of this, the paper constructs the theoretical frameworkof fiscal decentralization affecting haze governance, and establishes the spatial panel measurement model to empirically examine the im-pact of the fiscal decentralization on haze governance. The results indicate： The haze pollution in China has a positive spatial correlationand shows the high-high and low-low adjacent spatial features on the geographical distribution; The fiscal decentralization has a signifi-cant influence on the local governments＇ preference to haze governance through institutional incentives, and with the rise of the degree offiscal decentralization, the driving force of governing the haze of local governments gradually weakens from strong to weak, and the fiscaldecentralization and haze pollution concentration presents a U-type relationship; At different levels of economic development, the impactsof the fiscal decentralization on haze governanceare are different, showing the heterogeneity between regions. Finally, the paper, based onthe conclusions of the study, puts forward some countermeasures on China＇s haze governance, namely optimizing and moderately improving the degree of fiscal decentralization, and fully integrating the environmental indicators into the local government performance evaluation system.