环境公平视角下的社区绿道规划方法——基于POI大数据的实证研究

Greenways Planning Methods from Environmental Justice Perspective——An Empirical Study Based on POI Big Data

随着城市化进程的不断加快,城市和社区的空间结构也在发生着巨大的演变,居民对社区环境公平的需求日益增长。为实现大型社区内不同区域的居民更公平地享用公共服务设施、社会服务设施和绿色环境,提出通过规划公平可达性的社区绿道形式连接高密度社会基础设施分布区域,以实现社区的环境公平。以北京市回龙观社区为例,通过POI大数据核密度计算,对社区基础设施聚集度进行分析,确定研究范围内绿道优先连接的社会基础设施分布区域,同时,根据绿道潜在连接载体如城市道路、河道水系等的景观性建立评价指标体系,选择合适的线性或面状资源作为依托载体,根据150m服务半径覆盖度对绿道网络线路进行调整和优化,使居民公平地享受绿色环境,最终确定绿道规划结果。通过提高社区社会资源使用和服务效率,拓展绿道功能,使社区绿道作为绿色载体连接社区内多种服务设施,促进社区居民平等共享资源,实现社区环境公平。

With the accelerated process of urbanization, the spatial structure of city and community is constantly developing. Therefore, the demand for public service facilities is increasing. In this research, the authors put forward a method to connect the area where social infrastructure distribution is in high density through the community greenway to make the residents of different regions in large communities enjoy the public service and social service facilities equally, which can achieve the environmental justice of the community. Taking Beijing Huilongguan community as an example, the authors calculated the kernel density of POI（point of interests） data and analyzed the aggregation of community infrastructure, to determine the connection areas where the greenway connects firstly. Besides, the authors established an evaluation index system for greenway carriers to access the potential connecting carrier of greenway such as urban roads, river water, etc., choosing suitable linear or planar resources as the basis carriers. Eventually, according to 150 m service radius of the greenway network, the authors adjusted and optimized the greenway planning results to achieve fair environmental justice. The research could help improve the efficiency of community social infrastructure and service, expand the function of greenway, which become green carrier to connect community of a variety of service facilities and make community residents share community resources equally.