昆明市呈贡区2016年1月主要园林植物的冻害调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Freeze Injury of Main Landscape Plants in January 2016 in Chenggong, Kunming

2016年1月昆明市发生了32年一遇的强低温天气,为检测昆明市主要园林植物的抗冻能力,对园林植物种类较为丰富的呈贡区进行了冻害调查。结果表明:冻害等级达到"严重"和"极严重"的园林植物有56种,全部为外来植物;冻害程度与植物的原产地、生物学特性、生长势、生境等因素有关;冻害对乔木的园林景观及生态效益影响较大,尤其是常绿行道树。分析认为,昆明市应减少外来热带植物的栽植,今后在引进外来植物时应加强对其低温限制因子的考虑。研究可为云贵高原的城乡园林建设、园林植物规划和园林苗木培育提供参考数据。

Kunming suffered the strong low-temperature weather in January 2016 which had not happened for 32 years. The freezing situation of the main landscape plants in Chenggong, where has abundant landscape plant resources, were investigated so as to detect their freezing tolerance. The results indicated that 56 species, which are all exotic plants, suffered ＂severe＂ and ＂very severe＂ injury grades. The freezing injury degrees of the plants were related with the place of origin, biological characteristics, plant growth vigor, environment, etc. Freezing had the worst effects for trees on landscape and its ecological benefits, especially the evergreen roadside trees. According to the results, the exotic tropical plants should be decreased in the greening project of Kunming. In terms of the introduction of foreign plants to Kunming thereafter, the limiting factor of low temperature should be especially considered. This research can provide a useful reference for the construction of urban and rural landscape, the planning of landscape plants, and the seedlings cultivation of landscape plants in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.