北京地区古代人群的龋病研究

Caries research on the ancient groups in Beijing district

为探讨北京地区古代人群的龋病罹患特点及发展趋势,观察和统计了北京西屯墓地318例个体4888枚牙齿的龋病情况,人骨标本分别属于汉代、北朝和明清时期.对西屯汉代人群的龋患牙位进行具体分析,并选取了6个古代组(新石器时代、殷商时期、三燕文化时期)同汉代组进行牙患率的比较.结果表明,汉代组和北朝组的牙患率都较高,明清组则远低于前两组;汉代组的龋均远高于北朝组和明清组,后两者相近.西屯汉代人群的下颌磨牙发病率最高;其次是前磨牙和尖牙;上颌中切牙与侧切牙的发病率最低.同其他古代组牙患率的比较结果表明,西屯汉代的牙患率处于较低水平.西屯汉代和北朝组的牙患率接近农牧兼营文化人群的数值,明清组的牙患率则接近以游牧为主的文化人群的数值.

To discuss the characteristics and the development tendency of caries of ancient people in Beijing district, thecaries characteristics of 4 888 teeth from 318 individuals, which were excavated from Xitun cemetery in Beijing, were ob-served and analyzed statistically. These skeletons belonged to Han Dynasty, Bei and Ming-Qing Dynasties respectively. Thespecific analyses on the locations of caries were made and six ancient groups （ the Neolithic Age, Yin and Shang Dynasties,three Yans Period） were chosen to be compared with the morbidity of Han Dynasty group. The results showed that the mor-bidities of Han Dynasty and the Bei Dynasty groups were higher than those of Ming-Qing Dynasty. The average morbidity ofHan Dynasty was much higher than that of the Bei Dynasty and the Ming-Qing Dynasty, and the rates of the later two groupswere similar. The Han Dynasty people in Xitun cemetery had the highest morbidity on lower molars, and the premolars and ca-nine were in the second place. The maxillary central incisors and lateral incisors had the lowest morbidity. Compared withother ancient groups, Han Dynasty group in Xitun had a lower level in the caries morbidity. The morbidity of Han Dynastyand Bei Dynasty groups in Xitun were close to that of people from the agriculture and animal husbandry, and the morbidityof Ming-Qing Dynasty was more close to that of the people from animal husbandry.