凡纳滨对虾饲料中用大米蛋白粉替代鱼粉的研究

Study on fish meal replaced by rice protein powder in pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

本试验以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为试验对象,研究大米蛋白粉对其生长性能和抗氧化反应的影响,为大米蛋白粉在水产动物饲料中的开发应用提供参考依据。选择初重(0.65±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾,在室外网箱进行为期5周的生长试验。设计了6组等蛋白质等脂肪的饲料,分别是0%、10%、20%、30%、40%和60%鱼粉替代组。结果表明:各鱼粉替代组的增重率、特定生长率、成活率和饲料系数均与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。各替代组对虾的肝体指数没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。随着替代水平的增加,全虾粗蛋白质逐渐提高,替代水平为60%时,粗蛋白质含量较对照组高2.08%(P<0.05),而粗灰分逐渐下降,但各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。当替代水平为60%时,肝胰腺中总抗氧化能力显著低于对照组36.94%(P<0.05),丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性与对照组相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。替代水平为30%时,肝胰腺中溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组45.86%(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,以生长和饲料利用为指标,大米蛋白粉蛋白源最多可替代60%的鱼粉。

This experiment was aimed to study the replacement of fish meal with rice protein powder on growth performance and antioxidant response of pacific white shrimp（Litopenaeus vannamei）.The shrimps with initial weight（0.65＋0.01）g were chosen in this experiment.A total of 6 isolipid and isonitrogenous feed were formulated by adding rice protein powder to instead of 0%（control group）,10%,20%,30%,40% and 60% fish meal,respectively,to feed pacific white shrimp for 5weeks.The results showed that the weight gain,specific growth rate,survival rate and feed coefficient in the treatment groups were not significant different with the control group（P〈0.05）.There were no significant difference of liver volume index in the trentment groups compared with control group（P〈0.05）.With the increase of replacement level,the whole shrimp crude protein increased,and the 60% replacement group was increased by 2.08% compared with control group（P〈0.05）,and crude ash decreased gradually with the increasing of the replacement of fish meal,and there were no significant difference among the treatment groups（P〈0.05）.Total antioxidant capacity in the hepatopancreas significantly reduced 36.94% compared with control group（P〈0.05）.When the replacement level of 60%,the malonaldehyde（MDA）content and the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD）were not significantly influenced by rice protein powder addition.Lysozyme activity in the hepatopancreas were significantly increased 45.86% in 30% replacement group（P〈0.05）.In conclnsion that rice protein powder could replace 60% of fish meal at most in Litopenaeus vannamei feed.