论白居易的音乐主张和理论

On Bai Juyi's Music Proposition and Theory

白居易酷好音乐,精通乐律,创作了《琵琶行》等优秀的音乐诗。白居易在诗文中阐发了不少音乐主张和理论,包括礼乐治国思想、通达开明的礼乐沿革思想、对新兴音乐(胡乐)以及传统音乐(古乐)的态度、对音乐表演中艺、法、情关系的认识等四个方面。总体来看,白居易的音乐理论和主张具有积极性、保守性和矛盾性的特点。凭借自身深厚的艺术修养和极高的艺术造诣,以及通达开明的思想理念,白居易在音乐以及与音乐有关方面的见解和领悟是许多同时代人所不能比拟的。白居易提出了不少真知灼见,尤其是他的"太平由实非由声"以及"始知乐与时政通,岂听铿锵而已矣"的观点,具有相当积极的意义。但诗人显然又不能完全突破自身认识的局限,在对待新乐的态度上又显得保守消极,甚至与自己的某些观点相矛盾。

Bai Juyi, a master of music and tone, created the Pipa Xing and other excellent musical poems. The musical ideas and theories expounded in his poems contains the following four aspects： governing the country by rites and music, following and changing rites and music, the attitude towards new music（Hu music）and traditional music（ancient music）, the understanding on relations among performances, laws and emotions. Overall, Bai Juyi-s music theories and propositions had characteristics of positivity, conservativeness and contradiction. With profound artistic accomplishments, extremely high artistic attainments and enlightened ideas, Bai Juyi achieved unprecedented understanding and insights in music and music-related fields. Most of his penetrating insights have a very positive significance, especially his ＂peace can be achieved form practices instead of words＂ and ＂for music has a relation with political affairs, it was not sufficient for people just perceive sensual enjoyment from music＂. The poet, however, can not completely broke through the limitations of his own understanding, thus, his attitude towards new music was conservative and negative, and even was contradictory to some of his own views.