黑龙江省西部土壤风蚀风洞试验研究

Experiments on Wind Erosion and Wind Tunnel in Western Heilongjiang Province

针对黑龙江省西部地区2种主要易蚀土壤风沙土和黑钙土,对其风蚀过程中的主导因子对风沙流结构特征及风蚀量的影响特征进行风洞试验。结果表明:土壤风沙流多分布在30cm的高度范围内,风沙土与黑钙土风蚀量分别占总风沙量的99.80%和96.89%;在70cm高度范围内,风沙土风蚀量与高度的关系遵循多项式规律,黑钙土风蚀量与高度关系遵循对数函数规律关系;风沙土风蚀临界土壤含水量为2%,黑钙土风蚀临界含水量为6%,土壤含水量大于临界含水量时土壤风蚀会得到有效控制;相同风速下,2种土样的风蚀量均随含水量的增加而减小,风沙土呈负指函数关系,黑钙土呈二次函数关系。

The western part of Heilongjiang Province is located in the semi - arid area, which is affected by factors such as low precipitation, large exposed area and frequent winds. The soil wind erosion is serious and the area of wind erosion is increasing. In this paper〉 two kinds of main aeolian sandy soil and chernozem in western Heilongjiang Province were studied. The wind tunnel test was conducted on the characteristics of wind and sand flow and wind e-rosion in wind erosion process. Result shows that the wind and sand flow are mostly distributed in the height range of 30 cm, and the wind erosion amount of sandy soil and chernozem accounts for 99. 80% ＆-96. 89% of total sand-storm respectively. In 70 cm height range, the relationship between wind erosion and height is followed by the poly-nomial rule;the relationship between wind erosion, height relationship of the chernozem is followed by the logarith-mic function;the critical soil moisture content of soil is 2 % , the critical water content of chernozem is 6 % 〉 and the soil water content is higher than the critical water content. The wind erosion amount of the two kinds of soil sam-ples decreases with the increase of water content, aeolian appears the relationship of negative function and the cher-nozem appear power function.