栽培方式对淹涝花生生理生化的影响

Effects of cropping pattern on resistant physiological and biochemical indexes of peanut under waterlogging stress

以花生中花4号和湘花2008为材料,采用不同起垄高度0(平作)、10(中垄)、20 cm(高垄)与露地、覆膜栽培相结合的方法,于花生开花期进行机械抽水淹水处理,比较不同栽培方式下花生的根系活力及生理生化指标。结果表明:开花期,中花4号和湘花2008均以中垄覆膜处理的根系活力较高,分别达351.74、479.81μg/L,且与其他各处理均存在显著差异,结荚期和饱果期,2个品种的根系活力大幅下降,且各处理间差异无统计学意义;开花期,中花4号的乙醇脱氢酶活性以高垄覆膜处理的最高(840.33 mg/(g·h)),湘花2008的乙醇脱氢酶活性以高垄露地栽培的最高(526.67 mg/(g·h)),结荚期和饱果期,2个品种各处理的乙醇脱氢酶活性差异无统计学意义;3个生育期,无论覆膜与否,中花4号的SOD活性均随垄高的增加而上升,湘花2008的SOD活性均以中垄最高;开花和结荚期,中花4号的CAT活性均以中垄较高,3个生育期,湘花2008的CAT活性均以中垄覆膜的最高,分别为81.92、64.67、35.33 U/(g·min);各时期,湘花2008的POD活性均以中垄较高,中花4号在相同露地栽培和盖膜条件下的POD活性均以中垄较高;3个生育期,中花4号的MDA含量均以平作露地栽培的最高,分别为0.943、0.821、0.759μmol/g,且显著高于其他各处理,湘花2008在露地栽培和覆膜条件下的MDA含量均以中垄最低;3个生育期,中花4号在露地栽培和盖膜条件下的可溶性蛋白含量均随垄高升高而增加,湘花2008的可溶性蛋白含量均以中垄较高,且在相同垄高下,覆膜栽培均高于露地栽培。综合以上结果,中花4号较适宜的耕种方式为中、高垄覆膜,湘花2008较适宜的耕种方式为中垄覆膜。

Peanut Zhonghua 4 and Xianghua 2008 were used as material, 3 ridge heights（0, 10, 20 cm） combined with 2 film methods（no film covering and film covering）, the waterlogging stress was carried out by mechanical pumping in flowering period of peanut, to compare the effects of different cropping pattern on root activity and physiological and biochemical indexes of peanut. The results showed that in the flowering period, the root vitalities of the two peanut varieties in the treatment of 10 cm ridge with film covering were 351.74, 479.81 μg/L, respectively, which were the highest and significantly higher than those of the other treatments; in the podding period and full fruit period, the root vitalities of the two varieties decreased significantly, and the difference between the treatments was not statistically significant; in the bloom period, the alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the Zhonghua 4 variety was the highest（840.33 mg/（g·h）） in the treatment of 20 cm ridge with film covering, while the alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the Xianghua 2008 variety was the highest（526.67 mg/（g·h）） in the treatment of 20 cm ridge with no film covering; in the podding period and full fruit period, there was no significant difference in the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase between the two peanut cultivars; regardless of film covering or not, in all three growth stages, the superoxide dismutase activity of Zhonghua 4 increased with the increase of ridge height, and Xianghua 2008＇s was the highest in the treatment of 10 cm ridge height; the catalase activity activity of Zhonghua 4 was the highest in the treatment of 10 cm ridge with no film covering in bloom and podding period, and Xianghua 2008＇s was the highest in the treatment of 10 cm ridge with film covering in bloom period（81.92 U/g·min）, podding period（64.67 U/g·min） and full fruit period（35.33 U/g·min）; the peroxidase activity of the treatment of 10 cm ridge with no film covering was the highest in all growth periods in Xianghua 2008, while the peroxidase activity of the treatment of 10 cm ridge was the highest in Zhonghua 4 regardless of film covering or not; the content of MDA of Xianghua 2008 was the highest in the treatment of 0 cm ridge with no film covering in bloom period（0.943 μmol/g）, podding period（0.821 μmol/g） and full fruit period（0.759 μmol/g）, which was significantly higher than that of the other treatment, the content of MDA of Xianghua 2008 was the lowest in the treatment of 10 cm ridge regardless of film covering or not; soluble protein content of Zhonghua 4 increased with the increase of ridge height in three growth stages regardless of film covering or not, the soluble protein content of Xianghua 2008 was the highest in the treatment of 10 cm ridge regardless of film covering or not, and the soluble protein content of the treatment of film covering was higher than that of the treatment of no film covering under the same ridge height. In conclusion, Zhonghua 4 is suitable for medium（10 cm） and high ridge（20 cm） cultivation, Xianghua 2008 suitable for the cultivation of medium ridge（10 cm） with film covering.