成都地区主栽蓝莓品种果实的形态特征及品质分析

Analyzing the fruit quality and bioactive substances on dominant blueberry cultivars in Chengdu area

以成都地区主栽蓝莓品种奥尼尔、薄雾、布里吉塔、夏普蓝和莱格西为材料,对其果实形态特征、风味品质及生物活性物质含量等进行测定与分析。结果表明:供试蓝莓样品平均单果质量1.91 g,果粒较大;果形指数为0.73~0.85,果实以扁圆形为主;果萼5~7瓣,以闭合型为主;果皮颜色以深蓝色为主;主要风味物质可溶性固形物、还原糖和可滴定酸的平均含量分别为12.26%、9.14%和1.22%,糖酸比为9.35;生物活性物质总多酚、单宁、类黄酮和鞣花酸的平均含量分别为4.624、0.346、0.402、1.254 mg/g,整体表现良好。果实品质、生物活性物质含量在品种内表现稳定,多数指标的产区间差异无统计学意义。5个品种均适宜在成都地区种植,其中夏普蓝和奥尼尔的表现最佳,适宜推广。

Test materials of dominant blueberry cultivars, O＇Neal, Misty, Brigitta, Sharpblue and Legacy from Chengdu, were selected to analyze their fruit morphological characteristics, flavor quality and bioactive substances. The results showed that the average fruit weight of the selected blueberries was 1.91 g; the fruit shape was dominated by oblate spheroid, and the fruit shape index ranged from 0.73 to 0.85; calyx was mainly close type, and their segment number ranged from 5-7. Dark blue was the dominant fruit color. The average content of soluble solids, reducing sugar and titratable acid were 12.26%, 9.14% and 1.22%, respectively; it showed an excellent flavor judged from the ratio of sugar and acid, which was 9.35. The average content of total active polyphenol, tannin, flavonoids and ellagic acid were 4.624, 0.346, 0.402 and 1.254 mg/g, respectively. Fruit quality and contents of bioactive substances kept stable among all cultivars, and most of indicators among all cultivars showed no statistical significance in the production area. The five cultivars were all suitable for planting in Chengdu, among of them, however, the optimal cultivars suitable for planting were Sharpblue and O＇Neal.