纤维增韧高温陶瓷基复合材料(C_f,SiC_f/SiC)应用研究进展

Research and Application Progress of Fiber-Reinforced High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites:C_f/SiC and SiC_f/SiC

纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料除了具有耐高温、高比强度、高比模量、高热导率、低热膨胀系数等一系列优良性能外,还具有基体致密度高、耐热震、抗烧蚀、耐辐照及低放射活性、抗疲劳和抗蠕变等特性,展现了优越的高温热力学和微观组织稳定性,是一种集结构承载和耐苛刻环境的轻质新型复合材料。在空天飞行器的热防护系统、航空发动机、火箭发动机、高性能制动以及先进核能等高温热结构部件上拥有巨大的应用潜力。该类材料的使用可以提高结构的热学性能、力学性能和耐高温性能,减少系统自重和提高系统安全可靠性。针对近年来纤维增韧高温陶瓷基复合材料的研发设计、制备及服役环境对材料性能的影响进行了综述,并对该类材料未来的应用前景进行了展望。

Fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites have been considering as potential materials for high temperature technologies because of their high specific strength and stiffness,low coefficient of thermal expansion,high thermal conductivity and excellent thermal and mechanical stability under severe environments.As the high temperature structural materials,the most desired critical properties are high strength and stiffness as well as the reliable retention of these properties throughout the service life of application.For different service environments,the different fiber reinforcements and fabrication processes could be available to fulfill the performance requirements.Furthermore,in practical service environments,rarely is one degradation mechanism operative,but several mechanisms operate simultaneously,leading to the environment-pertinent degradation mechanism is complex for the SiC materials.In order to enhance the understanding of reliability and durability of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites applied to extreme environments,an investigation including fiber reinforcements,fabrication technologies for the interphase and matrix,application potentials in various fields and degradation mechanisms of composites subjected to severe environments were integrated into this review.