油樟型樟树精油的成分分析

Analysis on Components of Essential Oils in Cineol Type of Cinnamomum camphora

以油樟型樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)根为研究对象,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,并用气相色谱仪和气-质联用仪对精油进行分析。结果发现,油樟型樟树根的平均得油率为3.10%;从根精油中鉴定出相对含量≥0.16%的组分27种,占精油总量的98.79%;相对含量>1%的组分有13种,分别为1,8-桉叶油素(27.10%)、樟脑(23.35%)、黄樟油素(11.96%)、α-松油醇(10.70%)、4-松油醇(5.26%)、石竹烯(3.21%)、愈创木醇(2.44%)、α-蒎烯(1.45%)、甘香烯(1.31%)、香桧烯(1.30%)、龙脑(1.21%)、γ-松油烯(1.17%)、肉豆蔻醚(1.09%),占精油总量的91.55%;相对含量>10%的组分有4种,分别为1,8-桉叶油素、樟脑、黄樟油素、α-松油醇,占精油总量的73.11%。油樟型樟树根精油中有较多的活性成分,具有较高的应用价值。

Taking cineol type of Cinnamomum camphora as the research object,essential oils from roots were extracted by steam distillation method and were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the average essential oil yield of root was 3.10%,and twenty-seven components from the root essential oils were identified,which relative contents were greater than 0.16%,and accounted for 98.79% of the total contents. Thirteen components with relative contents greater than 1% were identified from the root essential oils,and they were eucalyptol, bornanone, safrole, α-terpineol, 4-carvomenthenol, caryophyllene, guaiol, α-pinene, elixene, sabinene, borneol, γ-terpinene and myristicin with 27.10%, 23.35%, 11.96%,10.70%,5.26%,3.21%,2.44%,1.45%,1.31%,1.30%,1.21%,1.17% and 1.09% of relative content,respectively,which accounted for 91.55% of the total contents. Four components with relative contents greater than 10% were identified from root essential oils. They were eucalyptol,bornanone,safrole and α-terpineol,which accounted for 73.11% of the total contents. There were more active ingredients in the root essential oils of cineol type from C. camphora,which had higher application value.