川东北4县区林业煤污病发生的流行病学调查研究

An Epidemiological Investigation on the Occurrence of the Forest Sooty Blotch in Four Areas of Northeast Sichuan

随着生态文明建设的提出,煤污病作为林业上普遍发生,并严重影响植物观赏性状的一类病害,受到越来越多的关注。由于该病寄主广泛,致病微生物复杂,给该病的防治带来了一定的难度。本研究以川东北地区4区县(南充市高坪区和西充县,广安市武胜县和前锋区)患发煤污病的植物为研究对象,采用流行病学调查和显微观察技术等方法,研究煤污病的发生和流行病学特点。结果发现,高坪区、西充县、武胜县和前锋区分别有18种、12种、16种和13种植物感染煤污病,分别占被调查植物的15.65%、10.34%、13.45%和9.35%;其病原菌主要有5科6属7种,分别是刺盾炱(C.sinense Teng)、刺三叉孢炱(Triposporiopsis spinigera)、柑橘煤炱(C.citri Berk.et Desm)、大孢枝孢菌(Cladosporium macrocarpum Preuss)、小煤炱菌(Meliolabutleri)、煤炱菌(Capnodium sp.)及散播烟煤菌(Fumagovagans Pers.);煤污病的发生主要受虫害的发生、气候因素和人为活动的影响。根据煤污病的发生和流行病学特点,改善树林的通风透光、开沟排水、以及在6—7月间喷洒农药,可以有效地预防和控制煤污病的发生。

With the construction of ecological civilization,sooty blotch,as a common disease influencing the fancy index,has drawn more and more attention. It is difficult to prevent and cure the disease because of its wide host and complicated pathogenic microorganism. By the method of pathological observation,microscopic observation and other techniques,this study surveyed the occurrence condition of forestry sooty blotch and its epidemiological characteristics in four areas of Northeast Sichuan( e. g. Gaoping district and Xichong county of Nanchong city,Wusheng county and Qianfeng district of Guang'an city). It is found that there are 18 species,12 species,16 species and 13 species plants that are infected by sooty blotch in these areas,accounting for 15. 65%,10. 34%,13. 45%,9. 35% of the investigated host plants,respectively. Its pathogenic bacteria mainly comes from 5 families,6 genera,7 species,including C. sinense Teng,Triposporiopsis spinigera,Capnodium citri,Cladosporium macrocarpum Preu.,Meliolabutleri,Capnodium sp.,Fumagovagans Pers. The factors that influence the infection rate of plants mainly lie in insect pest invasion,climatic factors and human activities. According to the occurrence and epidemiological feature of sooty blotch,it is suggested that the effective methods to prevent and control the sooty blotch are improving the ventilation of groves,digging trenches to drain and crop-dusting between June and July.