不同施肥模式下烤烟成熟度对烟叶理化成分的影响

Effects of Maturity on Physicochemical Index of Flue-cured Tobacco Under Different Fertilization Patterns

为进一步明确不同施肥模式下烤烟成熟度对烟叶理化成分的影响,以烤烟品种K326为材料,研究了不同施肥模式下烤烟成熟度对中、上部烟叶主要理化指标含量的影响,对烤烟成熟度鲜烟叶与烤后烟叶化学组分进行了相关性分析。结果表明,不同施肥模式下烟叶的SPAD值、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量都是随着成熟度的提高而降低,可溶性总糖和还原糖均随着成熟度的升高先增加而后降低,均在烟叶成熟时出现最高值,烤后烟叶总糖和还原糖含量均高于鲜烟叶,还原糖含量增幅较大;施肥模式对烟叶中化学成分的影响较大,实时氮肥管理(RTNM)施肥模式下各成熟度鲜烟叶中总糖、淀粉含量均较相同成熟度农家施肥模式高,而总氮、烟碱含量则农家施肥模式下高于实时氮肥管理(RTNM)施肥模式,中部烟叶中的钾含量呈现出实时氮肥管理(RTNM)施肥模式下高于同一成熟度农家施肥模式的规律,而上部烟叶中钾含量农家施肥模式高于实时氮肥管理(RTNM)施肥模式,实时氮肥管理(RTNM)施肥模式有利于氮肥的实时管理,烤后烟叶的协调性更好。鲜烟叶与烤后烟叶总氮、烟碱、钾、淀粉、总糖含量及施木克值均呈显著相关。

In order to explicit the mechanism on maturitu of tobacco under different fertilization patterns,the effects of maturity on physicochemical index of flue-cured tobacco under different fertilization patterns were studied by using K326 as experimental material. The influence of fresh and cured tobacco leaves in different maturity and the quantitative relation between quality indexes before and after curing were investigated.The results showed that the SPAD value,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased gradually with the rising maturity,while the total soluble sugar and reducing sugar content increased at first and then decreased. The total soluble sugar and reducing sugar content of cured tobacco compared to fresh tobacco leaves increased. The chemical components in tobacco leaves were affected by fertilization patterns,the total soluble sugar and starch potassium content in fresh tobacco leaves of RTNM were highter than the CK during the same maturity;the total nitrogen and nicotine of RTNM were lower than the CK;the potassium in middle fresh tobacco leaves of RTNM were highter than the CK during the same maturity,but the CK highter than RTNM in upper leaves;RTNM favoured the nitrogen fertilizer reak time management and can improve the coordination of the cured tobacco leaves. The regression equation of total nitrogen,nicotine,potassium,starch,total sugar content and Shi Mu Ke value of the fresh and cured tobacco leaves were established better,which reached the extremely significant level.