晚清驻外公使群体的出洋阅历述论

On The Late-Qing Ministers To Foreign Countries' Overseas Experience

晚清遣使初期,使节制度尚处草创,规制粗略,具有出洋阅历的使才寥寥无几,殆至遣使晚期则取代洋务精英,成为驻外公使的重要人选。因知识结构、出洋长短、历练深浅等因素的制约,晚清具有出洋背景的公使外交素养参差不齐,相较而言,驻外使馆馆员的思想、视野、外交素养均在随同专使短暂出洋游历谈判的使才之上,而前者当中的新式人才相比传统士绅,外交历练更为充分,外交能力更胜一筹。经此新陈嬗递,晚清驻外公使群体的整体外交素养得到极大提升,有力推动了我国外交近代化进程。

In the early stage of embassy to foreign countries,the envoy system is established in pioneering stage with rules and regulations in shape,so there are quite few with the ambassadors with overseas experience.Until the late stage of mission to foreign countries,the ambassadors with overseas experience become to be candidates,taking the place of the elites of Westernization Group.The diplomatic accomplishment of the ambassadors with overseas experience is uneven because of being constrained by their knowledge structure,length of going abroad and intensity of experience.The foreign comprehensive qualities of officers in the foreign embassies promoted with their qualifications are more superior to those who go abroad briefly with the ambassadors-at-large.Compared with the traditional gentry,the diplomatic exercise and ability are more sufficient and superior.The foreign comprehensive qualities of ministers improved greatly and pushed the process of Chinese diplomatic modernization effectively after this evolution.