家庭与现代农业经济组织的功能与界限

Functions and Margins of Family and Modern Agriculture Economy Organization

有效的经济组织是现代化农业的重要组成部分,而关于家庭与市场组织的功能与界限在当前我国农业现代化组织形态理论研究与实践探索中存在分歧。对世界发达农业的经验考察表明:家庭农场是农业生产经营活动的基本单位,劳动力长期雇佣行为主要集中在动物养殖活动当中,农业现代化程度与农场的土地规模无显著关系,而以家庭农场为基础的农业专业化服务组织和农业合作组织普遍存在。当前的农业技术和制度特征决定了现代农业组织形态应以家庭农场为基础,并通过专业化服务组织和合作组织实现农业生产经营的专业化和规模经济。因此,我国在推进农业经济组织现代化的进程中,应坚持以家庭和家庭农场为基础,并支持专业化服务组织和合作组织的成长,而以雇佣方式扩大农场规模的政策需要慎重推行。

An efficient system of economic organization is important part of modernization agriculture,which arouses an argument about what the division is between the functions and margins of family and market organization in the emerging modern agriculture of China. Based on the experience and examination on developed agriculture,it is found that family farms are the fundamental units of agricultural operation,that long-term hiring labors mainly takes place in livestock sectors,that the agricultural modernization degree has irrelevance to the land size of farms,and that it is widespread of agricultural specialization and cooperative organizations constructed by family farms.Theoretically,subjecting to the pattern of agriculture and efficiency of market institution,it is optimal to take family farms as main bodies of modern agricultural organization system,and to form specialization service enterprises and cooperative organizations to compensate family farms＇ incapability in getting economies of specialization and scale.Thus,in the ongoing process of constructing agricultural organization modernization of China,China should support the growth of specialization service organizations and cooperative organizations based on families and family farms and should carefully use the policy on enlarging agricultural scale by hiring labors.