面对工业4.0职业教育实习与就业的新契机

Facing New Opportunities of Industry 4.0 Vocational Education Practice and Employment

工业4.0以智能化制造为核心,以机器代替人进行智能化生产,这将给为制造业输送技能人才的职业教育带来诸多挑战,同时也将给职业教育的实习与就业带来新的契机。根据工业4.0对适应于智能化制造的高技能人才需求,职业教育应以培养学生的专业知识技能和信息综合利用能力为基础,强化学生的专业软件知识技能与管理协调能力,充分发挥自主学习能力和跨界合作能力,为其实习与就业打牢基础。现阶段职业教育的实习与就业存在着种种弊端,专业划分与市场无法对接、过度强调技能培训、校企合作流于形式等。职业教育在面临工业4.0带来的挑战时,应抓住机遇,重新整合专业划分,增加相应的专业领域;通过多校联合建设校内外实训基地,利用数字化工厂实践平台展开实习与就业培训,发展多样化校企合作模式等手段转型服务于智能化制造;并且重视培养创新创业能力,提升职业教育的实习与就业的创造性、适应性、多元性,以适应工业4.0所带来的就业变革。

Industry 4.0 has intelligent manufacturing as its core, replacing human with machines for intelligent production, which will bring many challenges for vocational education transporting skilled people to the manufacturing industry, but it also brings the opportunities for the vocational education internship and employment. According to the Industry 4.0＇s need for high-skilled people who can adapt to intelligent production, the vocational education should be based on the ability of students ＇professional knowledge, skills and comprehensive utilization of information to strengthen the students＇ professional software knowledge, skills and management coordination ability, and give full play to their own learning ability and cross-border cooperation ability to lay a solid foundation for its practice and employment. At present, there are various drawbacks in the practice and employment of vocational education, such as the unmatch feature of professional division and market, over-emphasis on skills training, school-enterprise cooperation only in the form of such. Vocational education in the face of industrial challenges brought about by the industry 4.0, should seize the opportunity to re-integrate professional division, increase the corresponding professional areas; through multi-school joint construction of training base inside and outside the school, the use of digital factory practice platform for practice and employment training, the development of diversified school-enterprise cooperation model and other means of transformation services in the intelligent manufacturing; and to focus on cultivating innovative entrepreneurial ability to enhance the vocational education practice and employment creativity, adaptability, diversity, to adapt to employment changes brought by industry 4.0.