民用一体式热回收通风设备在空调降温兔舍内的环境调控和节能效果研究

Study on the Environment Regulation and Energy Saving of Integrated Heat Recovery Ventilation Equipment in Air-conditioning Cooling Rabbit House

试验通过研究夏季空调降温结合民用一体式热回收通风设备对兔舍内热环境、空气质量等指标变化的影响,分析民用一体式热回收通风设备在夏季降温兔舍中的通风节能效果。选择建筑形式、养殖密度相同的3栋有窗密闭式兔舍作为研究对象,试验兔舍1安装了4台民用一体式热回收通风设备和5台制冷空调;试验兔舍2安装了5台制冷空调,采取自然通风;对照舍无降温措施,采用自然通风;分别监测分析3栋兔舍的热环境指标、通风换气效果及设备热回收效率等。结果表明:空调降温舍的温度较无空调对照舍低6.3℃(P<0.05),但其舍内二氧化碳及氨气浓度显著高于对照舍(P<0.05)。试验兔舍1在一体式热回收通风设备运行期间与兔舍2的温度分别为26.3℃和26.8℃(P>0.05),NH_3浓度分别为7.3mg/m^3和7.0mg/m^3(P>0.05),CO_2浓度分别为0.126%和0.125%(P>0.05)。与试验兔舍2相比,试验兔舍1运行一体式热回收通风设备对空调舍的温度、NH_3和CO_2浓度无显著影响,说明按民用通风需求匹配的一体式热回收通风设备在兔舍使用时存在新风量小,不能满足兔舍最小通风需求的问题,对舍内空气质量改善不明显。另外设备新风入口平均风速为14.3m/s,在风管管径不变的情况下至出口时风速衰减为5.6m/s,存在芯体与风机配比不当的问题。新风入口风速过大导致设备热回收效率较低,平均显热效率仅为31.2%,低于夏季节能标准(>60%)。因此,民用一体式热回收通风设备因自身外形限制,与空调降温结合使用时通风节能效果不明显。若在畜舍中应用时,应打破民用一体机的模式,结合畜舍建筑特点及饲养密度,调整风机和芯体组合方式及参数配比。

In this research, the integrated heat recovery ventilation equipment for civil use, installed in the air-conditioning cooling rabbit house, was used to analyze the effect of ventilation and energy saving by evaluating the thermal environment and air quality. Three same type closed rabbit houses with same animal density were chosen, the house installed four heat recovery ventilation equipments and five air-condition-ings was house 1, that installed five air-conditioning with natural ventilation was house 2, and the one with no cooling measure and with natural ventilation as control house. The results showed that the indoor tem-perature in air-conditioning cooling house was 6. 3 ℃ significantly lower than that of non- air-conditioning cooling house （P〈0. 05）. But the concentration of carbon dioxide C02 and ammonia NH3 were remarkably higher （P〈0. 05）. The temperature in house 1 and house 2 were 26. 3 ℃ and 26. 8 ℃ , and concentration of NH3 and C02 were 7. 3 mg/m3 ＆ 7. 0 mg/m3 and 0. 126% ＆ 0. 125%,respectively （P〉0. 05）. Using the heat recovery equipment in air-conditioning cooling house had no significant effect on the indoor tem-perature ,humidity and the concentration of NH3 and CO2（.P〉0. 05） compared with house 2. It illustrated that the ventilation rate based on the demand of civilian construction was small and did not meet the high rate ventilation need in rabbit house with little improvement on air quality. The velocity of fresh air inlet and outlet were respectively 14. 3 m/s, and 5. 6 m/s with going through same air duct, resulting from the improper ratio of core and fan. The high fresh air speed in inlet resulted in low heat recovery efficiency. The average sensible efficiency of the equipment was 31. 2% , far below the energy saving standard in sum-mer （〉 60%）. Thus,because of its own size restriction,the effect on ventilation and energy saving were not obvious when integrated heat recovery ventilation equipment for civil use combined with air condition-ing. If used in the animal house, the mode of civil integrated machine should be broken, and the combina-tion and matching parameter of the fan and heat exchanger were improved according to the characteristics of the animal house and stocking density.