基于任务需求和ESM分析的受控生态生保系统植物部件品种规划

Crop Scheduling of Biological Components in Controlled Ecological Life Support System Based on Mission Requirements and ESM Analysis

针对任务周期长、距离远的长期载人深空探测,长期地外生存等任务要求建立受控生态生保系统,通过合适的植物部件利用当地资源进行空间作物生产。利用等效系统质量方法,比较了地球携带食物补给和受控生态生保系统植物部件就地生产两种补给模式的优劣。从受控生态生保系统角度讨论了主食、果蔬和蛋白质-脂肪等食物需求与植物部件设计的关系,对1~2年任务周期的深空探测飞行任务首先应配备小量蔬菜栽培装置。可以利用太阳光时,2年以上即可建立植物部件生产果蔬;15年以上方可生产粮食作物;而只能利用人工光源时,3.4年以上的深空探测任务才适合植物部件供应新鲜果蔬,而主食则需要76年以上。油料作物的空间生产在目前技术条件下不具备应用可行性。

For the long-duration and far-distance manned deep-space exploration missions,the longterm extraterrestrial survival requires the controlled ecological life support system（ CELSS） planting the selected crops in the biological components. The advantages and disadvantages of the present two kinds of supply modes for life support materials including the earth supply and the local bioregeneration in biological components were compared by equivalent system mass analysis. The relations between the food requirements of the staple food,the vegetables and the protein-fat and the biological components in terms of controlled ecological life support system were discussed. A small vegetable planting prototype facility should be equipped for 1 ~ 2 years manned deep-space exploration missions. When sunlight can be utilized,the biological components would be built to produce vegetables for at least 2 years missions,grain crops would be planted for at least 15 years missions; and yet,when artificial light can be utilized,only more than 3. 4 years manned deep-space exploration missions are suggested to produce vegetables by biological components,and more than 75 years for staple food. Oil crops are infeasible under current space technologies.