急诊、误诊与“被精神病”的性质及法律责任比较——基于我国《精神卫生法》的分析

Comparison of Nature and Legal Responsibility of Emergency Treatment,Misdiagnosis and " Forced Psychiatric Treatment" —— Based on the Analysis of Mental Health Act of People's Republic of China

精神障碍急诊、误诊不能构成或转化为"被精神病"现象,因为它们属于不同类的概念。从性质上看,急诊是患者病情紧急情形下的医疗急救,属于合法行为;误诊是不可避免的客观现象,属于过失行为;"被精神病"是可以避免的人为现象,属于故意违法行为。从发生概率上看,急诊、误诊都是临床工作中普遍存在的客观现象,而"被精神病"是人为的小概率事件。从法律责任上看,急诊一般不负法律责任,误诊只有符合法定情形才承担法律责任,"被精神病"不论何种情形都需负法律责任。从立法态度上看,急诊是必须的,误诊是包容的,而"被精神病"是禁止的。

Emergency treatment and misdiagnosis of mental disorders can not constitute or be converted to ＂forced psychiatric treatment＂,because they belong to different categories of concepts.From the nature,the emergency is the diagnosis and treatment of the patient＇s urgent condition,which belongs to the legal behavior.Misdiagnosis is an inevitable objective phenomenon,which belongs to negligence. ＂ Forced psychiatric treatment＂ is a man-made phenomenon that can be avoided and is an intentional offense too.From the occurrence probability,the emergency and misdiagnosis are the objective phenomenon in clinical work,but the ＂ forced psychiatric treatment＂ is a small probability event.From the legal liability,emergency generally do not bear the legal responsibility,and misdiagnosis entails legal liability only in statutory cases,while ＂forced psychiatric treatment＂ are required to bear the legal responsibility whatever the situation is.From the legislative attitude,the emergency is a must,misdiagnosis is inclusive,and ＂forced psychiatric treatment＂ is prohibited.