“风人之致”与“案头文章”——清代前中期戏剧雅化的文学意义和文化内涵

The Extreme Elegance and Desk Articles——The Literary Meaning and Cultural Connotation of the Elegantlization of the Drama in the early and middle Periods of the Qing Dynasty

与前代相比,清代戏剧的文人化色彩更为突出。清初剧作家借戏剧抒写胸中块垒,戏剧成为文人抒写情志的重要媒介。尤侗于剧作中所抒写的情志的变化,在清初文人群体中具有典型意义。至清中叶,剧本的案头化成为一种普遍现象,特别是短篇杂剧成为作家抒情言志的重要载体,成为一种书斋化的创作。清中叶的蒋士铨创作了一系列戏剧以表彰节烈,扶植人伦,以戏剧实践儒家诗教。杨潮观创作的《吟风阁杂剧》以戏剧表达风雅之怀,将戏剧的雅化和案头化推向了极致。

Compared with the former dynasty, the literat colour of the dramas in the Qing Dynasty was more rich. The dramatists early in the Qing Dynasty expressed their feelings and thoughts with dramas, and dramas became the important medium. The change of the feelings and thoughts that You Dong expressed in his dramas was typi-cal in the literati group early in the Qing dynasty. The scripts 5 writing characteristic had became a common phe-nomenon in the middle period of Qing Dynasty, especially the short drama became the most important carrier of feelings and thoughts, and drama became a creation in the study. Jiang Shiquan wrote a series of dramas to com-mend Jie Lie and advocate ethics in the middle period of Qing Dynasty. His dramas practiced the Confucian po-em teaching. The Yinfengge dramas created by Yang Chaoguan expressed the feelings of Fengya, developed ele-gant and written characteristics to the extreme.