政治规制与艺术自治:北宋钧窑器物美学思想的形成

Political Regulation and Art Autonomy:The Formation of the Aesthetic Ideas of Jun Wares in the Northern Song Dynasty

钧瓷作为北宋官窑御用瓷器,反映了当时社会的审美风尚与士大夫阶层的审美理想。北宋重文轻武的文人政治成就了钧瓷的审美思想。高度集权下徽宗之决断使钧瓷成为官窑;北宋文人政治带来的儒雅之风以及士大夫官僚出身殷实、长年读书的成长背景为钧窑瓷器雅致风格提供了审美前提;当时科技的进步、制造业的繁荣,加之倡导俭朴的生活方式、推行禁用珍贵材料的手工艺法令,使毗邻都城汴京的钧窑得到了前所未有的发展机遇;理学笼罩下重道轻器与追求自然的思潮,为器型浑朴、单色釉的钧瓷提供了发展契机。

Jun porcelain is used as the imperial porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty,which reflects the aesthetic tendency of the society and the aesthetic ideal of the literati class. Firstly the political achievements of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty were the aesthetic thoughts of Jun porcelain. Then the decision of the emperor with highly centralized power made Jun porcelain become the official kiln. The literati politics in the Northern Song Dynasty nourished a refined elegance and the scholar bureaucrats grew up from the well-established families. The elegance and the background also provide an aesthetic premise to appreciate the elegant Jun. The prosperity of the manufacturing industry,combined with the promotion of frugal lifestyles and the ban on precious materials in handicrafts became another factor to bring about the development of Jun kilns adjacent to the capital.Finally,the pursuit of natural ideas under Confucian school of idealist philosophy provides Jun porcelain another opportunity for development.