政党制度化水平及其政治后果:乡村治理经验与反思

Rural Governance in China:From the Perspective of Political Parties' Institutionalization-level and Its Political Consequences

现当代中国的国家政权建设过程遵循的是"政党中心主义"路径,其中构建政治秩序的关键力量是执政党,可以说执政党的制度化水平差异能导致不同的政治后果。组织网络状况、自主性和内聚力三个方面可有效衡量政党制度化水平,在此基础上对比分析中国国民党(1924-1949年)、中国共产党(1966年前)执政时两党乡村组织的制度化水平,发现中国政治现代化的成功经验之一在于中国共产党以其自身高水平的制度化建设,扭转了乡村政治衰朽的局面。然而执政党与国家高度同构的背景下,这一经验呈现出一定的限度。对此,中国共产党须强化组织网络的深度来增强其回应性,对社会组织的调控也应逐步向"社会法团主义"转变,以实现执政党与其他组织之间的相互赋权、相互增权。

Contemporary China’s state-building follows a＂Party-center Road＂,which means the ruling party played a vital role in building political order,and their different performances on institutionalization level would lead to different political consequences.It argues that there are three reference points to measuring parties’ institutionalization level：organization network,autonomy and cohesion.Then,this paper compares the institutional level of KMT（1924-1949）with CPC’s（until 1966）,and concludes that one of the successful experience of political modernization in China is that CPC’s high-level institutionalization reversed the situation of rural political decadence.There are some limits in this experience while ruling party and State institutions are isomorphic.Therefore,CPC should strengthen the depth of its network to enhance its responsiveness.At the same time,on the regulation of rural social organizations,CPC should change to＂social corporatism＂,for that would contribute to mutual empowerment between grass-roots party organizations and rural social organizations.