韦勒克与现实主义

Rene Wellek and His Realism

在《文学研究中的现实主义概念》一文中,韦勒克对现实主义下了这样一个结论:现实主义的理论是极为拙劣的美学。现实主义具有强大的历史传统,在文学史上作出过巨大的贡献,韦勒克对此极为认可。究其原因,"拙劣"一词并不是韦勒克对现实主义的全盘否定,而是其对现实主义的矛盾态度。由于韦勒克的个人偏见与坚持"文学性"的学术立场,影响他对现实主义的客观评价。其矛盾态度的背后,隐藏着更深的批评与意识形态的关系问题。

Rene Wellek made such a conclusion in the＂Realism in Literary Scholarship＂that the theory of realism is an ultimately bad aesthetics.As we know that realism has a very strong historical tradition and with great contributions in the history of literature,with which Wellek also identified.In fact,it was not Wellek’s overall denial but the contradictory attitude towards realism with the word＂bad＂.Owing to his personal prejudice and the academic standpoint to literature,Wellek made a different evaluation to realism.Behind his contradictory attitude,a deep relationship is hidden between the criticism and ideology.