狙击步枪弹/枪相互作用数值研究

Numerical calculation on the interaction between bullet and sniper rifle

为深入研究弹头膛内发射过程,基于非线性有限元理论建立了弹/枪相互作用数值计算模型。模型将内弹道计算与弹头发射过程有限元计算相耦合,真实地反映了膛压生成与弹头膛内运动之间的耦合关系;模型考虑了弹头挤进过程,将挤进过程与后续内弹道过程相结合,保持了内弹道过程的完整性;模型考虑了枪管在重力作用下的预弯曲现象,是一个较为完善的求解弹头发射过程理论模型;通过对比试验结果与仿真结果证明了模型的正确性。借助该模型对弹头膛内发射过程进行了数值计算,获得了弹头受力、应力/应变分布、有无重力作用下的枪口振动情况与弹头膛内摆动情况,揭示了弹/枪相互作用机理。

The numerical calculation model for the interaction between bullet and sniper rifle was established to deeply study the launch process of bullet based on the nonlinear finite element theory. The model integrated the calculation programs for the bore pressure and the launch process, which was able to reflect the real relation between the bore pressure and bullet motion. The engraving process and the subsequent ballistic process were combined in this model to ensure the integrity of internal ballistic. The barrel pre-bent condition caused by gravity was also considered. The model is a comprehensive theoretical model to calculate the launch process. Its accuracy was proved by comparing experiment and calculation results. The force conditions, stress-strain distributions, swing angle of bullet and vibration of muzzle in the gravity field were obtained numerically, which reveals the interaction mechanism between bullet and rifle.