超弹性形状记忆合金阻尼器的减振特性研究

Vibration reduction characteristics of a superelastic shape memory alloy damper

研究了环境变量(温度和外激励幅值)对超弹性形状记忆合金阻尼器减振特性的影响。用多线性本构模型来表示SMA伪弹性,建立了SMA振动系统的动力学模型。通过平均法求解了方程主共振的幅频响应解,并用数值方法验证其计算的准确性。通过定义SMA振动系统与对应线性系统的共振幅值比、共振频率比来表示SMA阻尼器的减振和调频效果,并研究了环境变量与其的定量关系。研究结果表明:温度升高对SMA减振和调频是不利的;而外激励幅值在一定的范围内取值时,SMA阻尼器具有良好的减振和调频效果。此研究结果可为SMA阻尼器使用环境条件的选择提供参考。

In order to choose the reasonable application environment of shape memory alloy damper, the influences of environment parameters such as temperature and amplitude of excitation on vibration reduction characteristics of the shape memory alloy damper are investigated. The dynamic equation of the vibration system is firstly established as the bilinear model is adopted to describe the superealsticity of SMA, and then transform the equation into the dimensionless one. Subsequently, the primary resonance amplitude-frequency response equation of the dynamic system is acquired by the average method, and the accuracy of the one is confirmed by the numerical method. Finally, the concepts of resonance amplitude ratio and resonance frequency ratio between the system with SMA damper and the corresponding linearization system are defined to express respectively the effects of vibration reduction and frequency tuning of SMA damper, and the relationships between the environment parameters and the effects are studied. The results suggest that the vibration reduction effect will be weaken as the temperature increasing, and the SMA damper will work well in a certain range of excitation amplitude. The results will give the guide to choose the application environment for the SMA damper.