乌梁素海浅水湖泊沼泽化现状及成因分析

Analysis of shallow water lake bogginess and causes in Lake Wuliangsu

为揭示乌梁素海面临的湖泊沼泽化问题与其驱动因素,针对2013年8月乌梁素海浅水湖泊沼泽化现状及成因,进行了实地勘查和采样,利用基于植物生物量与沉积速率、植物种类和泥深的2种评价方法进行分析。结果表明:乌梁素海沼泽化程度存在空间差异,部分区域属于沼泽化后期,分别分布在总排干入湖口处和湖区的中东部,其中,沼泽化综合指数在近入湖口处各点最大,沼泽化综合指数处于3~4,向湖区中东部逐渐减小,但仍然大于湖区中南部的下游区,该区域的沼泽化综合指标数为2~3,仍属于沼泽化盛期,直至湖区下游的最南端,属湖泊沼泽化不显著区。造成乌梁素海浅水湖泊沼泽化的主要原因很可能是在湖水流速缓慢和富营养化的综合作用下,外源物质淤积和水生植物蔓延,淤积物质和植物残体逐年累积形成底泥泥炭,随着泥炭的增厚和湖水变浅,从而演化为沼泽。

In order to comprehend the terrestrialization situation and its driving factors in Lake Wuliangsu. 17 sampling points of Lake Wuliangsu were sampled and investigated in August 2013. The results showed that ： two different evaluation methods for the area had the same results, but the comprehensive index which be acquired by the method based on biomass and deposition rate was slightly lower than the value which be acquired by the method based on species of plants and mud deep; Spatial differences exist Lake Wuliangsu swamp degree ： nearly estuary points 〉 eastern lake points 〉 lake downstream points. The composite index of estuary and lake at the eastern is between 3 -4, belonging to the latter part of the swamp ; The composite index of lake downstream is between 2-3 , belonging to swamping peak,S6 and T5 which were not having swamp problems. Wuliangsuhai swampy lake rooted exogenous substance causing siltation darken and raising levels of nutrition, the main driving factors of the acceleration of the swamp is irrational human activities.