车用乙醇汽油滤网和滤芯堵塞原因的检测分析

Detection and Analysis on the Phenomena Related to Vehicle Ethanol Gasoline

针对2014年某地区加注车用乙醇汽油的车辆出现的无法正常启动、动力不足、车辆油泵和滤网及加油站加油机滤芯堵塞的问题,使用扫描电镜、能谱、热重质谱联用、X-射线衍射和电感耦合等离子发射光谱等手段,分别对车用乙醇汽油、滤芯上的粉末物质、减阻剂和变性燃料乙醇各样品及其金属元素等进行了形貌和组分的检测分析。结果表明,由变性燃料乙醇中的钠与组分油中所含减阻剂混合后生成或析出的颗粒物堵塞汽油滤清器所致。提出了管输汽油停止添加减阻剂,及时更换加油机滤芯,做好车辆油箱油路的清洗,增加98号车用汽油优质品供应,满足高档车辆需求等措施。

In 2014,some vehicles filled with ethanol gasoline had been unable to start,lack of power,and the vehicle fuel pump,filter,and the gas station refueling machine filter were clogged in certain district. According to the national standard " ethanol gasoline for motor vehicles( GB18351) " and other relevant standards,the vehicle ethanol gasoline samples were detected and analyzed. Using scanning e-lectron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometry,thermal gravity/mass spectrometry( TG-MS) and X-ray diffraction method,the morphology and composition of powder material on the filter element were analyzed; the drag reducing agents were determined using ICP method; in addition,the metal elements in the samples and the denatured fuel ethanol were analyzed and detected. The conclusion was obtained that the phenomenon of vehicle ethanol gasoline is caused by the reason that the filter was clogged with particles formed or precipitated when the sodium in the denatured fuel ethanol was mixed with the drag reducing agents contained in the component oil.Some measures were put forward,i. e.,drag reducing agent should be forbidden to add into gasoline; the filter element of the refueling machine should be timely replaced; the automobile oil circuit should be cleaned regularly; and the high-grade fuel should be used.