试论地学教育中通识课程的“里”与“面”

On the Connotation and the Denotation of General Geoscience Course

高等教育的目的是为了塑造既有专门知识、又有全面素质的人,地学教育则承担着基础而关键的作用。本文以地学通识课为例,分析地学教育之"面"——地学教育历史发展与外部环境,探求地学教育之"里"——地学通识的基本内涵与理论结构。通过研究认为:通识化是地学理论发展的必然结果,经济、社会、科技条件也从外部推动了这一进程;地学通识教育当以"人地关系"为主线,串联、融合地质"学科群"下的隶属学科,通过训练受教育者的地学思维,而实现整体化地球观的主观构建。作为地学教育的支撑体——地学通识课,应当合理调配教学资源在广度、深度与"知识重度"上的分布,从而实现知识组织方式的最优化以及知识量的最大化。

Geoscience,one of the subjects in higher education aiming at training and cultivating talents who mastered professional knowledge with high synthetic qualities,plays a basic and key role. In this paper, through studying the two aspects, the history and external environments during the development of geoscience and the basic definition and theoretical structure of general geoscience education,the author came to a conclusion that general education is the inevitable result of the development of geoscience theory with the promotion from economic, social, and technological conditions during it. Focusing on the relation between man and land, the educated should found a subjective sense of integration to the overall world by geoscience thinking training integrated the series of individual sciences of geology. General geoscience course,the foundation of the geoscience education,should be optimized in its educational structure and maximized in the amount of knowledge in a reasonable way to distribute educational resources in the breadths,profundities and knowledge density.