志愿动机与志愿行为:亲社会倾向的中介作用

The mediating role of the prosocial tendency in between voluntary motivation and voluntary behavior

目的:探讨亲社会倾向在志愿功能动机和志愿行为之间的中介作用。方法:采用自编一般资料问卷、青少年亲社会倾向量表、志愿功能动机量表和志愿行为问卷对354名在校医学生志愿者进行集体施测;对所得数据进行描述性分析、相关分析及构建结构方程模型。结果:志愿功能动机6个分量表得分从高到低为自我增强动机(5.301)、价值观表达动机(5.244)、社会交往动机(5.239)、学习理解动机(5.228)、职业生涯动机(4.999)和自我保护动机(4.982);亲社会倾向6个维度的得分从高到低为利他倾向(3.987)、公开倾向(3.954)、依从倾向(3.891)、匿名倾向(3.812)、情绪倾向(3.761)和紧急倾向(3.754)。志愿功能动机的6个维度、志愿功能动机总量表、亲社会倾向6个维度、亲社会倾向总量表、志愿行为之间均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。亲社会倾向在志愿功能动机和志愿行为之间起到部分中介效应作用;志愿功能动机影响志愿行为的总效应值为0.649,中介效应值占总效应值的38.51%。结论:志愿功能动机、亲社会倾向正向预测志愿行为。学校加强亲社会教育,提升学生亲社会倾向水平,有助于促进医学生人格的健康发展,促进医学生更多的亲社会行为的产生,有利于发展医疗志愿服务。

Objective：To explore the mediating role of the prosocial tendency in between voluntary motivation and voluntary behavior. Methods：Three hundred and fifty-five medical student volunteers were investigated using the general data questionnaire, prosocial tendency scale,voluntary functional motivation scale and voluntary behavior questionnaire. The data were analyzed,and the structural equation model were constructed. Results：Among the six subscales of voluntary functional motivation,the scores of the self-enhancement motivation,value-expression motivation,social communication motivation,learning and understanding motivation,career motivation and self-protect motivation were 5. 301,5. 244,5. 239,5. 228,4. 999 and 4. 982,respectively. Among the six dimensions of pro-social tendency,the scores of altruistic tendency, opening tendency, obedience tendency, anonymous tendency, emotional tendency and emergency tendency were 3. 987,3. 954,3. 891,3. 812,3. 761 and 3. 754, respectively. There were significantly positive correlations between the six dimensions of voluntary functional motivation,total scale of voluntary functional motivation, six dimensions of prosocial tendencies, total scale of prosocial tendency and voluntary behaviors （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Prosocial tendency played a partial mediating effect in between voluntary functional motivation and voluntary behavior. The total effect value of the voluntary functional motivation on voluntary behavior was 0. 649,the effect value accounted for 38. 51% of the total effect value. Conclusions：Voluntary functional motivation and prosocial tendency can positively predict the voluntary behavior. To strengthen social education and enhance the level of prosocial tendency of students can help to promote the healthy development of the medical students′personality,promote more prosocial behavior of medical students and develop the medical volunteer services.