全球化时代的人民、民族与阶级——汤姆·奈恩西方马克思主义语境下的民族主义研究

People,Nation and Class under the Era of Globalization:Tom Nairn's Research on Nationalism in the Context of Neo-Marxism

马克思主义者对民族国家主体的认识经历了一个从"工人无祖国"到"祖国之歌是如何唱起"的发展实践过程。奈恩正是这一发展的践行者。他在继承马克思主义的人民观、援用马克思主义的民族观以及发展马克思主义的阶级观的基础上,创新性地探索了人民、民族与阶级三者间的辩证关系。他以对世界政治经济局势的分析,阐释了人民大众与民族主义的相互依存关系;以对列宁民族思想的把握,解决了传统马克思主义关于是否要支持民族主义的争论;以对历史的回顾、民族的转向,将阶级意识与民族意识进行了融合和统一,全面解释了全球化时代的民族主体问题,建构了一种新马克思主义语境下的民族主义哲学分析,彰显了马克思主义的现实价值与时代意义。

The Marxist concept of nationhood has developed from one that claims no nation for the working class to one that calls the people to sing the national anthem. Tom Nairn, whose study represents such development, explores the dialectical relationships among the people, nation and class, inheriting and developing Marxist views on these concepts. By analyzing the politic and economic situation of the world, he illustrates the interdependence between people and nationalism. On the basis of Lenin's thought, Nairn answers the question in traditional Marxism of whether nationalism should be supported.Through historical analysis, he integrates and unites class consciousness and national consciousness, comprehensively explains the issue of nationhood in the age of globalization,forms a philosophical analysis of nationalism in the context of Neo-Marxism, and reveals the realistic value of Marxism and its contemporary significance.