闽东农村地区互助会的兴起与衰落——基于坪村的田野调查

The Rising and Falling of "Mutual Economic Associations" in Rural Areas in Eastern Fujian:Taking Ping Village as an Example

改革开放以来,闽东农村地区基于宗族共同体人情约束机制建立起一种传统意义上的经济互助组织——互助会。进入21世纪,随着大量人口向城市流动以及城镇化进程的推进,共同祖先认同以及基于乡土社会的互惠礼俗观念逐渐淡薄,宗族共同体人情约束机制日渐缺失,互助会"倒会"现象频发。互助会的兴起与衰落,是当下中国农村社会在现代化过程中不断自我调适的一种折射。

With the beginning of the reform and opening up, "mutual economic associations" based on the mechanism of clan community came into being in rural areas in eastern Fujian. However, it was gradually falling into decay as many people flooded into cities and with the advancement of urbanization in the 21 st century. Those factors, such as the change of reciprocal custom, the missing of ancestral identity, and the deconstruction of the clan community, caused the falling of "mutual economic associations". The rising and falling of "mutual economic associations" is a reflection of the self-adjustment of the rural society in China in the process of modernization.