防灾减灾与灾后经济恢复的“中国模式”及其演进分析

Analysis of “Chinese Pattern” of Protection from Disaster and Economic Restoration after It and the Transformation

由于受地理位置和气象条件等自然因素决定,我国自古以来就是一个水、旱等自然灾害频发的国家,同时,又是一个人口大国、农业大国,自然灾害造成的粮食减产常常导致饥荒和社会动荡,甚至人口流迁或死亡。因此,中国历史上积累的防灾减灾及灾后经济恢复的经验非常丰富,归纳梳理这些经验,可谓一种独具特色的"中国模式",它是由治水模式、仓储模式、以工代赈模式、对口援建等四个模式作为支撑,反映出历代劳动人民群众在与自然灾害抗争中的智慧与伟大力量,这是留给当代及后人与灾害作斗争的宝贵财富。

Our country is one with frequent occurrence of flooding and drought from ancient time due to geo-graphical and climate conditions.At the same time,it has a large number of population and is an agriculturalcountry and natural disaster causes reduction of grains which lead to famine and social instability or evengreat migration and death.Therefore,we have great experience of protection from disaster and economic resto-ration after it accumulated through history.The classification of this experience is a unique＂Chinese pattern＂which is supported by pattern of water control,pattern of storage,pattern of work relief and geared construc-tion help.These reflect the wisdom and great power of the working people in different historical time in deal-ing with natural catastrophe,which is a spiritual treasure to the offspring to deal with calamity.