刘勰的“破体”观

LIU Xie's Idea to Style-Breaking

刘勰重视文体的体制规范,强调辨体,试图为各种文体树立起"正体"。但同时,他也表达了颇具层次的"破体"观。他认同文体在一定程度上的突破和创新,认为这是必然的、合理的,并提出了"变体""参体""别体"等概念。但刘勰也运用"谬体""讹体""失体""解体"等词,对那些不合正统、不承传统、破体超"度"的文体进行批评和否定。刘勰对破体的认同与否,最重要的依据与标准是宗经思想。他对诸文体在近代发展的批评,多因他们早已偏离经典的传统。刘勰的"破体"观不单单是他文体论的一部分,更是他深广的文学理论中重要的一环。尤其值得注意的是,刘勰论"破体",很多时候都是从文体功能的角度切入的。

LIU Xie attaches importance to distinguish criticism of style and attempts to set up standardizationto every style.He approves to innovate at a certain extent,which he considers necessary and reasonable.Heproposes some concepts,such as Bian style,Can style,Bie style.But at the same time,he proposes the otherconcepts,Miu style,E style,Shi style,Jie style,etc.These words are to criticize those styles nonconforming totraditions.The standard he approves to style-breaking or not is his thought of confluence of channels.He criti-cizes some styles＇ developments in his dynasty because they deviate from the tradition of Confucian classics.His Idea of style-breaking is an important part of his whole literary theory.What＇s more,stylistic function isone important aspect of his discussion of style-breaking.