3D打印在骨科手术中的应用及其前景

Application and prospects of 3D printing in orthopedic surgery

3D打印技术是一种新兴技术，通过“分层制造，逐层叠加”的原理打印三维实体结构。3D打印技术是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属或塑料等粘合材料通过逐层堆叠累积的方式制造三维实体的技术。本文主要介绍了3D打印技术在骨科手术中的应用，通过制作模具、术前规划、制定手术方案、定制导航模板、定制个性化假体以及在骨组织工程中的应用来辅助临床工作，最终实现精准医学，提高手术精确性、缩短手术时间及为患者提供个性化植入物，达到更有效的治疗结果。同时，本文还总结了3D打印技术在骨科应用领域的现状及未来的前景方向。

3D printing is a new printing technology through which a three-dimensional solid structure is manufactured through printing layer by layer. Its manufacturing of a three-dimensional solid object is based on digital model files and results from layer by layer stack accumulation of powdery metal or plastic and other adhesive materials. In this review, we focus on application of 3D printing technology in orthopedic surgery. We talk about mould-making, preoperative planning, surgical protocols, customization of a navigation template and a personalized prosthesis and its application in bone tissue engineering. It improves therapeutic efficacy by making operative treatment more accurate, shortening operative time and providing personalized implants for the patients. This paper also summarizes the current situation of 3D printing in orthopedics and its future profile.