中国城市的企业家精神--时空分布与影响因素

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN CHINESE CITIES: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS

本文以每万人拥有的中小企业数量为代理变量,分析了中国城市企业家精神的空间分布格局、变化趋势和影响因素。结果表明,企业家精神整体提升的同时,地区差异也在扩大;空间自相关显著,集聚趋势不断增强;变化强度呈西减东增的趋势。互联网设施、人口多样性、沿海区位和资源环境压力、较高的女性比重、较少的政府干预和较低的国企占比和外资占比有促进作用;未发现集聚和房价的显著影响;而平均教育水平与企业家精神显著负相关,说明我国的创业类型、教育体制和内容还有待提升。

This article aims to analyze the spatial distribution and variation trend of entrepreneurship in China with spatial data analysis methods, such as trend surface analysis, Global Moran＇s I LISA, gravity centers curve and the thematic map series. To explain the spatial variation of entrepreneurship, we adopt spatial econometric model to explore the influencing factors. There are four main findings. First, the overall entre- preneurship gets promoted with expanding regional differences. The results of trend surface analysis show the features of high to low from the east to west, an inverted U in south-north direction. Second, the calculate result of Moran＇s I shows that entrepreneurship has a growing global spatial autocorrelation characteristic. Third, the gravity centers curve of change magnitude extends in the east-west direction, which means that growth is increasing eastward while reduction is aggravating westward. Fourth, the regression results demon- strate that the proportion of male and people aged below 29, the average educational level, the size of govern- ment and proportion of state-owned enterprises have significantly negative impact on entrepreneurship; while Internet facilities, diversity, location close to the coastline and the scarcity of natural resources can enormously promote entrepreneurship.