航天在轨失重环境条件下的体能训练

Onboard physical training in weightless environment:A review

随着载人航天科学技术的进步,人类向外太空进行探索的范围逐渐拓展,航天员的在轨飞行距离及时间越来越长,而长期失重会给航天员的生理和心理带来一系列负面影响,不仅会影响航天员的健康导致工作任务执行失败,甚至可能威胁他们的生命安全。本文针对美国、俄罗斯和欧洲航天员的在轨体能训练方法和健康防护措施等研究成果进行综述。在借鉴其成功经验的同时,针对航天员的在轨功能训练方面存在的不足,建议交叉互补,引进运动人体科学的先进、成功的训练体系,为航天员的在轨功能训练和健康维护保驾护航。

With the advancement of manned space science and technology, the scope of human exploration into outer space has been gradually expanded. The time and distances that astronauts flight on-board are becoming longer and longer. However, longterm microgravity can negatively affect astronauts＇ physical and psychological aspects, thus influencing their health and leading to the failure of work tasks, and even threatening their lives. This paper reviews USA, Russia and Europe research results in the field of astronauts on-board physical training methods and health protection measures, with the purpose of learning from their successful experience. Overall, it is suggested that for cross complementation in sport science, we should make the introduction of advanced and successful training systems to solve problems existing in astronauts on-board training, ensuring the maintenance of health.