聚氨酯硬质泡沫的低温应用研究现状

Cryogenic application of rigid polyurethane foam

航天技术的不断发展,对国民经济、科学研究、国防军事等诸多方面有着深刻的意义。液氢,作为必不可少的航天推进剂,一直以来受到各国的青睐。开发和测试应用于液氢温度下的绝热材料,不但具有重要的现实应用价值,而且是迈向液氦温区的一个必经之路。聚氨酯硬质泡沫以其独特的性能在绝热领域占有重要的地位。很多国家将其应用于液氢的储藏,并取得成功,但是比较缺乏在液氦温区下聚氨酯硬质泡沫的测试。在中国,这方面的研究也取得很大进展,但还是不能满足科学研究飞速发展的需要。本文总结了国内外关于聚氨酯硬质泡沫在低温下的应用和研究,指出国内研究中的不足,为进一步的研究奠定基础。

The continuous development of space technology has profound significance in many aspects, such as the national economy, scientific research and national defense and military. Liquid hydrogen, as an indispensable space propellant, has long been favored by all concerned countries. The development and measurement of insulation materials which are applied at the liquid hydrogen temperature, not only have important practical application values, but also are the only paths toward liquid helium tem- perature stage. Rigid polyurethane foam with unique performance occupies an important position in the field of thermal insulation. It has been applied to liquid hydrogen storage in many countries successfully, whereas it is unusual to test these rigid polyure- thane foams at liquid helium temperature. In China, our research has made great progress in this aspect, but still can not meet the demands of the rapid development of scientific research. This thesis summarized the application of rigid polyurethane foam un- der low temperature at home and abroad. It also pointed out the disadvantage of the research in our country, in order to lay the foundation for the future research.