Science 2.0:科学运行机制的新挑战——网络时代科学发现优先权与知识产权问题

Science 2.0: The New Challenges to Operational Mechanism of Science: The Problems of Scientific Priority and Intellectual Property in Network Era

Science 2.0使科学活动全面开放、即时共享,由此必将引发科学发现优先权和知识产权的一系列新问题:首先是优先权的判定将由以科研成果为主转向关注整个研究过程,随着科研主体的不断变化、科研过程的全面开放,优先权归属面临新的判定难题,需要重新考虑划分标准和判定规则;其次是优先权确认机制的变化,由于科研成果发布方式从传统媒介向在线网络的转移,传统的以纸质媒介为主要依据的优先权确认机制亟待更新;最后,知识产权政策也面临新的挑战,网络时代信息交流的便捷、廉价,传统期刊的运营模式日渐式微,集体协作对数据分享的急迫要求等都使得知识产权政策必须正视并予以及时更新和调整。

Science 2.0 makes scientific activities fully open and instant sharing, which will lead to a series of new problems in scientific priority and intellectual property. Firstly, the priority determined by research achieve- ments will be toward the attention on the whole research process. With the research subject and the fully open scientific process changing, the priority faces the new attribution determination problem and we need to reconsider the criteria for the classification criteria and determination rules. Secondly, confirmation mechanism of priority is also in change. Due to the transfer of the ways to release scientific research achievements from paper-based me- dia to online network, the traditional confirmation mechanism needs to be updated. Finally, intellectual property protection is also facing new challenges because of the low-cost information spread with network and the depres- sion of conventional journal. In addition, the collaboration based on data sharing also makes it urgent to introduce a new mechanism to protect intellectual property.