移动性抑或流动性?——翻译、沿革和解析

Mobility or Liquidity? Translation, Evolution and Interpretation

文章从社会学、地理学、旅游学三种最多提到mobility范式的学科视角,对mobility研究追根溯源,结合已有文献和现实语境,从提出背景和意义内涵上阐释mobility译为"移动性"的合理性,在概念比较和辨析中追问知识的产生和研究的脉络。从社会学角度来看,Bauman的流动性和Urry的移动性所指不同:前者是现代性的特征,关注时间意义;后者指移动中社会的属性,关注空间维度。从地理学角度来看,移动性研究经历了从侧重实体移动到实体移动、附加移动和虚拟移动并重的移动研究转向,研究的主要领域也从交通地理转化为交通地理、社会地理、旅游地理、文化地理、行为地理乃至政治地理并存的局面,出现了所谓"杂交地理学"。从旅游学角度来看,移动性作为桥梁把社会学和地理学连结起来,旅游者通过实体移动、物品移动和虚拟移动,构筑了与异地的多元化关系及网络,引致空间和资源的冲突;由现代科技联接的实体/虚拟移动变革了旅游者离家/在家的体验及传统时空关系,由此也将日益打破旅游/工作、真实/虚幻、神圣/世俗、在场/缺场、主人/客人、地方/人等与旅游相关的二元对立关系。移动性既可以囊括对旅游主体、客体和媒体及其所构筑的复杂网络的研究,也可以打破一贯以西方为中心的旅游研究视角,在全球化的背景下去关注旅游中的各种现象。文章从多学科的视角出发,导出移动性已成为打破学科边界而融合各学科特征的后学科研究范式,希冀这一范式为后续的旅游研究提供更新的思路。

The mobilities paradigm has been put forward as one of the three novel theoretical approaches yet the most encompassing concept in sociological tourism. The current research in China hasn＇t focused much on ＂mobility＂ and confused the concept with the other sociological term＂liquidity＂. The authors trace the mobility concept from its theoretical antecedents and clarify that its translation shall not be equal to＂liquidity＂or＂fluidity＂either from academic or pragmatic translation perspective. They review and compare mobilities literatures from sociological, geographical and tourism studies, which are the three disciplines that tend to use mobilities paradigm the most and draw the following conclusions：In sociology, liquidity proposed by Bauman is different from mobility raised by Urry. Bauman＇s liquidity refers to the nature of modernity, to replace his early proposal of＂post-modernity＂. Liquidity is against solidity; modernity is formed when nothing becomes solid with the passage of time. Time plays a key role in Bauman＇s liquidity, as it dissolves the shape of everything and everything＂melts into air＂. Urry emphasizes the spatial dimension of the mobility and explains how mobility becomes possible and what are its influences. He particularly discourses hybridity, media-scapes and virtual reality, which are not discussed by Bauman. That is why Urry＇s mobility idea has pushed social theory more combined with spatial theory.In geography, movement related with mobility has always been on the central stage of geography.But it is not until Urry＇s＂mobility turn＂that endowed geographical mobilities with new meanings.Mobility then is not only the fragile entanglement of physical movement, but also the socially shared meanings ascribed to such movement, as well as the experienced and embodied practice of movement.A hybrid geographies has come into being when social geography, tourism geography, cultural geography, transportation geography, behavior geography and even political geography are all mingled together under the mobility umbrella.In tourism studies, corporeal mobility, object mobility, imaginative travel and virtual travel firstly brought up by Urry have configured the framework of tourism mobilities. Further studies stress the relations between tourism mobility and geopolitics, dialectically analyzes freedom, power and right induced by the transportation mobilities including automobility, and identifies the interactive impacts between virtual mobility and tourism caused by the mobile technology and social networks. Space and time have been reconfigured by the blurred binary of the traditional home/away experiences, and then further blurred the notions of authentic/inauthentic, leisure/work, host/guest, extraordinary/mundane,present/absent through a＂mobilities lens＂. Thus the mobilities paradigm argues against the ontology of distinct＂places＂and＂people＂： places are not so much fixed but are implicated within complex social networks through which＂hosts, guests, buildings, objects and machines＂are contingently brought together by mobilities to produce certain performances. To sum up, tourism mobility has provided a transformative nexus for bridging social and spatial studies and has turned a multi-disciplinary research into a post-disciplinary research, which will offer a brand-new paradigm for tourism studies in the globalization context.