如何守护良知?——陆王心学工夫中“自力”与“他力”辩证

How to Keep the Conscience?——An Investigation on the Relationship between “Self-Endeavor” and “Recourse-to-Others” in Lu-Wang's Philosophy of Heart

陆王心学修身进路一向收摄于"本心""良知"维度,为对治"师心自用""认欲作理",既极力彰显"省过"工夫,又强调"圣经"于"吾心"之"触发""栽培""印正"义以及"从师亲友"于"成己"之不可或缺义。在"自立""自信"与"从言""从师";"自省"自察"与"交互之检视";"折诸心""信诸心"与"折诸圣""信诸理"三种张力之间,心学工夫论表现为一种动态的平衡。

Philosophy of heart as represented by Lu Xiangshan and Wang Yangming has long been renowned for its diversity concerning approaches to self-cultivation,and particularly how it variously lays emphasis on the'original heart'or'innate consciousness'. In order to rectify the sort of error caused by the habit of 'selfcenteredness or arbitrariness ' and of 'taking desire as principle ',the Confucian masters belonging to philosophy of heart from Lu Xiangshan onwards on the one hand attached the utmost importance to practical endeavors in 'reflecting on one's own mistakes'; on the other,they highlighted the essential role that sacred scriptures played in one's progress in moral cultivation. Clearly their path was never meant to be a biased one.What they attempted is rather a nuanced and dynamic balance between 'self-establishment'and 'following the words of others',between 'self-confidence'and 'obeying the instructions of the master',between 'selfreflection or self-observation ' and 'inter-subjective examination ',between 'resorting to the heart ' and'resorting to the sages',and between'having faith in the heart'and'having faith in the principle',etc.