“肮脏”工作:概念、测量以及对从业者的影响

Dirty Work: Conceptualization, Measurement and the Impact on Dirty Work Practitioners

"肮脏"工作被描述为被社会所贬低、鄙视和不喜欢的工作。作为一种职业污名,"肮脏"工作对其从业者的工作态度和工作行为有消极影响。"肮脏"工作议题在西方社会学、心理学、医学、组织行为学等学科领域已有半个世纪的研究历史,但国内外都缺乏对"肮脏"工作研究的系统梳理。本文对"肮脏"工作相关研究进行了简要的回顾和展望,首先介绍和分析了"肮脏"工作的定义、特征及分类;然后系统归纳了"肮脏"工作的测量工具;接下来从工作相关的身份认同、工作压力以及工作和社会退缩行为三个方面探讨了"肮脏"工作对其从业者的影响,最后指出未来应在"肮脏"工作的分类结构、测量工具、前因变量和作用机制等领域进行研究拓展,并在研究方法领域进一步推进量化、纵向、跨层次以及本土化研究。

Dirty work refers to tasks and occupations that are belittled, despised and disliked by the society. As occupational stigma, dirty work has negative effects on its practitioners＇ work attitudes and behavior. The topic related to dirty work has been studied for half a century in the fields of western sociology, psychology, medicine, and organizational behavior, but there is short of a systematic review of dirty work research. This paper makes a brief review of dirty work research. Firstly, it introduces and analyzes the definition, characteristics and classification of dirty work. Then it systematically induces the measurement tools of dirty work. Secondly, it discusses the effects of dirty work on its practitioners in three aspects, namely work-related identity, work pressure and work ＆ social withdrawal. Finally, it points out future directions in classification structure, measurement tools, antecedents and function mechanisms of dirty work, and suggests that the quantitative, longitudinal, cross-level and local research should be further promoted.