辽宁省单中心住院患儿消化系统疾病谱9年变迁分析

Analysis of transition of digestive disease spectrum in 9 years in hospitalized children of a single-cen-ter in Liaoning province

目的对2007—2015年辽宁省单中心儿科消化病房住院患儿疾病谱及流行病学特征进行分析,了解疾病谱9年间变化趋势。方法回顾性分析2007-01-01—2015-12-31就诊于中国医科大学附属盛京医院小儿消化科病房的16 127例患儿病案首页信息,包括疾病种类、构成比、性别、年龄、地域分布等资料,分析其疾病谱构成及流行病学特征。结果男性多于女性,男女比例为1.52∶1。年龄分布于1个月至16岁之间,以婴儿及幼儿居多(39.39%、26.25%)。沈阳地区占49.7%,省内其他城市及省外患儿分别占42.6%及7.7%。排序前5位疾病分别是腹泻病(34.05%)、过敏性紫癜(11.56%)、黄疸(11.12%)、感染相关性肝炎(10.87%)、EB病毒感染(7.19%)。功能性胃肠病多见于女性。结论近9年来,该中心小儿消化科病房住院患儿数量逐渐增多,疾病种类及构成发生变化。腹泻病稳居各阶段病种首位,构成比有上升趋势。不同年龄段病种差异显著,婴儿和幼儿为腹泻病两个高发年龄段。感染相关性肝炎、炎症性肠病、牛奶蛋白过敏等疾病发病率呈上升趋势。

Objective To study the variation tendency of pediatric gastroenteric disease spectrum in order to provide scientific evidence for prophylaxis,treatment of disease, preventive health care and rational allocation of medical resources. Methods A retrospective analysis was perfomed about the disease species,constitute ratio,gender, age and area distribution of 16,127 children admitted to Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital, from January 2007 to December 2015,to analyze the spectrum trend and epidemiological characteristics. Results Boys were significantly more than girls,the ratio being 1.52∶1. The patients ranged from 1 month to 16 years old,the ratios of infants and toddlers being 39.39% and 26.25% respectively, who accounted for most part of total patients. Patients from the city of Shenyang accounted for almost half of total number（49.7%）,with 42.6% from other cities and 7.7% from other provinces. Top five diseases were diarrhea（34.05%）, Henoch Schonlein purpura（11.56%）, jaundice（11.12%）,infection-associated hepatitis（10.87%） and EB virus infection（7.19%）. Functional gastrointestinal diseases were more commnon in girls. Conclusion During the 9 years,the patients’ number is increasing,the species and composition of the diseases have changed. Diarrhea is the top disease in hospitalized children,which shows a growing trend. The species difference in different age groups is significant,and infants and young children are at higher risk of diarrhea. The incidence of infection associated hepatitis,inflammatory bowel disease and cow’s protein allergy shows a rising trend.