湖北郧县龙门堂墓地两座汉墓发掘简报

Excavation Report of Two Han Dynasty Tombs in Yunxian County,Hubei Province

2011年11月—2012年6月,为配合南水北调中线水利工程,根据国家文物局和湖北省文物局南水北调文物保护办公室的统一安排,受湖北省文物考古研究所委托,南开大学考古学与博物馆学系对郧县龙门堂墓地进行了发掘,共清理战国晚期至东汉晚期墓葬77座。其中M36和M38形制较有特点,虽遭破坏,但墓底器物保存完好,随葬品组合完整,是研究鄂西北地区低等级汉代墓葬的新资料。M36形制较为特殊,属于刀把形土圹砖底木椁墓,M38为长方形土圹单室砖墓。两座墓葬墓主的地位不高,属于中小地主或低级官吏,墓葬规模不大,葬具为单棺单椁,漆棺彩绘,共出土陶、铜、铁、玉等质地随葬品51件,铜钱196枚。推测M36年代为西汉晚期,M38年代为东汉初期。这两座墓葬的发掘为中原与楚交界地区汉代砖室墓的研究提供了新资料。

The Department of Archaeology and Museology of Nankai University conducted an excavation in the Longmentang cemetry in Yunxian county, Hubei province from November 2011 to June 2012. To support the middle route of ＂South-to-North Water Diversion＂ project, this excavation was arranged by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the South-to-North Water Diversion Cultural Relics Protection Office of Hubei Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and commissioned by Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. In this excavation, 77 tombs dated from the late Warring States period to the late Han dynasty were discovered, among which M36 and M38 were two distinct ones. These two tombs had been damaged but the bottoms were still well preserved. Burial objects from these two tombs were a complete combination with clear information, providing new materials for the study on lower-class Han tombs in northwest Hubei. M36 was an unusual L-shaped earth-pit and brick-floored tomb with a wooden coffin, and M38 was a rectangular earth-pit single-chambered bricked tomb. The tomb owners should be medium or small landlords or lower-level officials. The sizes of these two tombs were not large, each having only a single coffin and a single outer lacquer coffin with paints. 196 copper coins and 51 other objects such as pottery, bronzes, iron wares and jade were unearthed. M36 should date to the late Western Han dynasty and M38 the early Eastern Han dynasty. The excavation of these two tombs provided new materials for the research of Han brick- chambered tombs in the areas between the Central Plains and Chu.