高氯酸盐对大鼠免疫功能的影响

Effects of perchlorate on immune function of rats

[目的]研究高氯酸盐对大鼠免疫功能的影响,了解高氯酸盐的免疫毒性。[方法]将36只健康Wistar雌性大鼠(体重180~200 g)随机分成6组。高氯酸盐灌胃染毒,染毒剂量分别为4.50、22.00、110.00、560.00 mg/kg(以体重计,后同),以蒸馏水为阴性对照,环磷酰胺为阳性对照(腹腔注射)。每天1次,连续染毒5 d,染毒结束2 d后采集大鼠尾静脉血,称取动物体重、各脏器质量,计算脏器系数;采用试管法进行白细胞计数、白细胞分类计数;ELISA法测定T淋巴细胞亚群指标CD_4^+、CD_8^+分子浓度和细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10质量浓度,并计算CD_4^+/CD_8^+值。[结果]与阴性对照组相比,高氯酸盐染毒组(除4.50 mg/kg组外)大鼠的胸腺系数、脾脏系数降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中560.00 mg/kg染毒组降低最明显;阳性对照组也出现降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与阴性对照组相比,高氯酸盐染毒组的中性粒细胞比例在22.00 mg/kg染毒组开始增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);T淋巴细胞亚群指标CD_4^+分子浓度在110.00、560.00 mg/kg染毒组明显降低;细胞因子IL-4和IL-10从22.00 mg/kg高氯酸盐染毒组开始降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。[结论]高氯酸盐可对大鼠的免疫功能产生抑制作用。

[Objective] To study the effects of perchlorate on immune function of rats, and understand the immune toxicity of perchlorate. [Methods] Thirty-six healthy Wistar rats（180-200 g） were randomly divided into six groups. Perchlorate was administered by gavage at 4.50, 22.00, 110.00, and 560.00 mg/kg（in terms of body weight）, respectively. Distilled water was used as negative control, and cyclophosphamide was used as positive control（intraperitoneal injection）. After exposure to perchlorate for continuous 5 d（once a day） and observation for 2 d, rat tail vein blood was collected on the 7 th day, and body weight and organ weights were measured to calculate organ coefficients. White blood cell counts and differential counts were calculated by test-tube method. Concentrations of T lymphocyte subset indices（CD4＋ and CD8＋） and cytokines（IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10） were detected by ELISA, and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ was alsocalculated. [Results] Compared with the negative control group, the rat thymus coefficient and spleen coefficient in the perchlorate groups（except the 4.50 mg/kg group） decreased significantly（P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01） and especially in the 560.00 mg/kg group, as well as in the positive control group（P〈 0.01）. Compared with the negative control group, neutrophils increased significantly in the groups administered with 22.00 mg/kg perchlorate and above（P〈 0.01）; the concentrations of CD^＋4 decreased significantly in the 110.00 mg/kg group and 560.00 mg/kg group; IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly decreased in the groups administered with 22.00 mg/kg perchlorate and above（P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01）.[Conclusion] Perchlorate may suppress immune function of rats.