基于地理国情监测数据的城市停车位与潜力估算方法研究

An Approach of Estimating the Parking Spaces and Parking Potential in Urban Areas Based on Monitoring Data of National Geographic Conditions

随着汽车拥有量的持续高速增长,城市停车问题日益严重。开展城市停车位与停车潜力估算,对政府部门制定停车规划,缓解停车矛盾具有重要意义。目前统计数据汇总及实地调查框架下的停车位与停车潜力调查方法,难以及时、全面地反映城市停车设施供应情况。为此,在GIS技术支持下,结合地理国情监测数据,以及交通、测绘等部门专题数据和高分辨率航空遥感影像,提出了一种估算城市停车位和停车潜力的方法。该方法首先利用地理国情监测数据提取地面停车场以及居住小区、机关企事业单位内部的道路和硬化地表;然后,根据停车场形状指数构建地面停车位估算模型,并结合配建停车位调查数据实现停车位的整体估算;最后,基于道路宽度条件,定义路边停车潜力估算模型,并结合形状指数设计硬化地表停车潜力估算方法。以武汉市主城区为研究案例区,估算并评价了停车位的实际和潜在供应能力,得出了基本车位缺口,并据此提出缓解停车矛盾的建议。实验结果显示,该方法对案例区内15个典型停车场的车位估算准确率都大于82.6%,具有较好的估算精度,适用于城市停车位与停车潜力估算。本研究成果可为合理使用地理国情监测数据进行城市停车资源估算和规划提供有效方法和科学依据。

With the sustained and rapid growth of car ownership, the parking problem in urban areas has become increasingly serious. Estimating parking spaces and parking potential in such areas is of great importance for government departments to make parking planning and ease parking contradiction. However, the current survey method of parking spaces and parking potential under the framework of statistical data collection and field investigation is difficult to reflect the supply situation of parking facilities in a timely and comprehensive way. Using GIS technologies, a method of estimating parking spaces and parking potential in urban areas is proposed based on four kinds of data sources： the monitoring data of national geographical conditions, the thematic data from the department of transport and geomatics, and the aerial remote sensing image with high resolution. Firstly, ground parking lots and roads, impervious surface in residential districts, government agencies, enterprises, and public institutions are extracted by using monitoring data of national geographic conditions. Then, the estimation model of the ground parking spaces is constructed with parking lot shape indices, and combining with the survey data of accesso~ parking space, the total number of parking spaces is estimated. Finally, the estimation model of the curb parking potential is def＇med with constraint conditions of the road width. Also, the estimation method of the impervious surface parking potential based on shape indices is designed. Taking urban built-up areas in Wuhan as a case, this study estimates and evaluates the actual and potential supply capacity of parking spaces, obtains the basic parking gap, and presents suggestions for easing parking contradiction. The experiment results show that this method has a preferable estimation accuracy which is greater than 82.6% over 15 typical parking lots sampled in the studied area, and is suitable for urban parking spaces and parking potential estimation. Overall, this study can provide an effective method of applying monitoring data of national geographic conditions to estimate urban parking resources and make parking planning in a scientific way.