孟、荀人性观及论争之实质——基于“名实之辩”而作的考察及诠释

Mencius and Xunzi's View of Human Nature and the Essence of Their Debate——Based on the Investigation and Interpretation of Name and Entity

本文旨在解构两千多年来的一个传统观念——孟、荀之争是人性善恶之争,并基于此对孟、荀之人性观作出重新把握和诠释。本文认为,传统的推论犯了一个前提性错误,把原本不确定的、本属结论的概念当成了确定的、无可争议的事实和前提;孟、荀人性论之争,绝非如文字、表象所直观显示的那样是"性恶"、"性善"之争,而是一场基于当时语境的名实、概念之争,亦即"性"概念如何使用、"人之所以为人者"如何命名之争。

This paper aims to deconstruct the good and evil of human nature, a traditional idea for over two thousand years, and also the debate between Mencius and Xurmi. This paper thinks that the traditional infer- ence made a mistake in the premise, namely, regarding the concept that belongs to uncertainties and conclu- sion as certainty, fact and premise. The debate between Mencius and Xunzi did not seem to be as it was, but the debate between name and entity, namely, how to use the concept of＂nature＂ and how to name human be- ings.